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Baseline Dopamine Levels And Our Motivation To Eat Influenced By Fat Hormone
As we all know from experience, people eat not only because they are hungry, but also because the food just simply tastes too good to pass up. Now, a new study in the August 6th Cell Metabolism, a Cell Press publication, helps to explain how leptin, a hormone produced by fat tissue, influences that motivation to eat.
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Reengineering A Food Poisoning Microbe To Carry Medicines And Vaccines
Scientists have used genetic engineering to tame one of the most deadly food poisoning microbes and turn it into a potential new way of giving patients medicine and vaccines in pills rather than injections. The study is in the current issue of ACS" Molecular Pharmaceutics, a bi-monthly journal.
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Ariz. Gov. Signs Bills Increasing Abortion Restrictions, Updating Existing Statutes
Arizona Gov. Jan Brewer (R) on Monday signed into law a bill (HB 2564) that mandates a 24-hour waiting period and in-person counseling with a doctor before women can receive abortion care, the AP/Yahoo! News reports. The law requires doctors to list risks and alternatives and describe the fetus"s probable characteristics. It also makes an existing parental consent law more restrictive for minors seeking abortion care and allows health care workers to refuse to dispense emergency contraception on moral or religious grounds.Planned Parenthood Arizona said the measure "creates barriers, increases costs and denies access to services and providers to women who seek abortion care." Bryan Howard, the affiliate"s president, said, "Women will be forced to delay their care, in turn increasing their health risks." In signing the measure, Brewer "set a new course" from former Gov. Janet Napolitano (D), who vetoed all bills that restricted abortion rights during her six years as governor, the AP/Yahoo! News reports.Brewer Signs Law Revising "Partial-Birth Abortion" Ban Brewer also signed legislation (HB 2400) that revises an Arizona law banning so-called "partial-birth" abortion except when the procedure is necessary to save the woman"s life. A federal judge in October 1997 ruled that a state law banning the procedure was unconstitutional, but the Supreme Court in 2007 upheld a similar federal law. The new law is intended to align the 1997 state law with the federal statute, according to the AP/Yahoo! News.The new law specifies a punishment of up to two years in prison. It allows a doctor charged under the law to seek a hearing before a state regulatory board to determine if the doctor"s actions were necessary to save the woman. Advocates of the bill say that it will allow local authorities to enforce the ban on the procedure (Davenport, AP/Yahoo! News, 7/13).
Endocrinology

Cognitive Function Is Superior In Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Letrozole Versus Tamoxifen

New results show that postmenopausal women with breast cancer receiving adjuvant letrozole have better cognitive function than women being treated with tamoxifen. The data, from a recent meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), are drawn from a sub-study of the Breast International Group (BIG) 1-98 trial. The trial, which enrolled postmenopausal women surgically treated for early-stage, hormone-responsive breast cancer, found that letrozole was more effective at preventing recurrent disease (especially distant metastases) than tamoxifen. Karen E. Ribi, PhD, with the International Breast Cancer Study Group in Bern, Switzerland, and her colleagues had theorized that because of the estrogen deprivation associated with aromatase inhibitors, patients who have received letrozole will have worse cognitive function than tamoxifen-treated patients. "While cognitive function is recognized as a potential long-term side effect of adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer treatment, few studies have looked at the effect of adjuvant endocrine therapy on cognition," Dr. Ribi noted in her presentation. "What"s more, those studies that have examined the effect of adjuvant endocrine therapy on cognition have produced conflicting results." The primary endpoint of the sub-study was the composite score calculated from seven cognitive tasks. These included detection, identification, learning, memory, monitoring, shopping list, and shopping list delayed recall. The analysis included 120 women enrolled in an institution with at least ten patients recruited to the parent protocol. All women had been in the trial for fewer than five years and were still taking their assigned endocrine treatment. None had developed recurrent breast cancer or a second malignancy. Results showed that that while both groups had scores below age-standardized standardized norms of the CogState tasks, patients taking letrozole during the last three of five years of treatment had better cognitive function than those taking tamoxifen. Dr. Ribi cautioned that potential study limitations include the lack of a true baseline assessment prior to the start of endocrine therapy and the lack of a longitudinal design to evaluate changes during treatment. Also, the sub-study"s low accrual resulted in a revised analysis plan. Finally, she said that future trials will evaluate the change in cognitive function from five years on endocrine treatment to one year after the completion of treatment. Plans are also underway to examine the impact of endocrine treatment on cognitive function in premenopausal women from baseline to one year on treatment. Written by Jill Stein Jill Stein is a Paris-based freelance medical writer. jillstein03(at)gmail.com Copyright: Medical News Today Not to be reproduced without permission of Medical News Today


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